Noun

Singular blindness

Plural usually uncountable; plural blindnesses

blindness (usually uncountable; plural blindnesses)

1. The condition of being blind; unable to see.
2. (figuratively) Want of intellectual or moral discernment; mental darkness; ignorance, heedlessness.
3. (obsolete) concealment

Synonyms

• ablepsy (rare)
• cecity
• sightlessness

Derived terms

• colour blindness, color blindness
• stereoblindness

Blindness is the condition of lacking visual perception due to physiological or neurological factors.

Various scales have been developed to describe the extent of vision loss and define blindness. Total blindness is the complete lack of form and visual light perception and is clinically recorded as NLP, an abbreviation for "no light perception." Blindness is frequently used to describe severe visual impairment with residual vision. Those described as having only light perception have no more sight than the ability to tell light from dark and the general direction of a light source.

In order to determine which people may need special assistance because of their visual disabilities, various governmental jurisdictions have formulated more complex definitions referred to as legal blindness. In North America and most of Europe, legal blindness is defined as visual acuity (vision) of 20/200 (6/60) or less in the better eye with best correction possible. This means that a legally blind individual would have to stand 20 feet (6.1 m) from an object to see it—with corrective lenses—with the same degree of clarity as a normally sighted person could from 200 feet (61 m). In many areas, people with average acuity who nonetheless have a visual field of less than 20 degrees (the norm being 180 degrees) are also classified as being legally blind. Approximately ten percent of those deemed legally blind, by any measure, have no vision. The rest have some vision, from light perception alone to relatively good acuity. Low vision is sometimes used to describe visual acuities from 20/70 to 20/200.

By the 10th Revision of the WHO International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death, low vision is defined as visual acuity of less than 20/60 (6/18), but equal to or better than 20/200 (6/60), or corresponding visual field loss to less than 20 degrees, in the better eye with best possible correction. Blindness is defined as visual acuity of less than 20/400 (6/120), or corresponding visual field loss to less than 10 degrees, in the better eye with best possible correction.

Blind people with undamaged eyes may still register light non-visually for the purpose of circadian entrainment to the 24-hour light/dark cycle. Light signals for this purpose travel through the retinohypothalamic tract, so a damaged optic nerve beyond where the retinohypothalamic tract exits it is no hindrance.

• Color Blindness@ (33)
• Deafblindness@ (9)
• Low Vision@ (13)

• Braille (14)
• Organizations (52)
• Personal Pages (3)

• Research@ (8)
• Special Education Schools@ (31)
• Vision and Reading Aids@ (19)

See also:

• Shopping: Health: Disabilities: Assistive Technology: Low Vision Aids (41)
• Society: Disabled: Service Animals (86)
• Sports: Disabled: Blind (15)

• The Voice
  visualprosthesis.com
  Translates images from a camera into sounds that one hears via stereo headphones and targetting vision substitution for the totally blind.

• Recording For The Blind and Dyslexic
  rfbd.org
  Educational library for people with print disabilities, with a 77,000-title library of taped textbooks, reference and professional materials for people who cannot read standard print because of a disability.
• SeebyTouch
  see-by-touch.sourceforge.net
  The free of charge project, especially for the blind, provides a possibility to perceive pictures over the tactile sense - consisting of a picture transforming multi-platform software and a tactile display, built up easily with help of the construction manual.

• Usenet alt.comp.blind-users - news: - Google Groups